I probably don’t need to tell you that kimchi is the best-known Korean dish and Koreans eat kimchi literally everyday with every meal. Kimchi is basically a catch-all Korean term for fermented vegetables. There are hundreds of kimchi varieties in Korea. The napa cabbage kimchi is the most common variety. Here, I will show you how to make traditional napa cabbage kimchi, (aka pogi kimchi).
As I mentioned in my kkakdugi recipe, kimchi tastes vary widely, depending on the types, quality, and ratio of the seasoning ingredients. Every household has its own methods. Making better kimchi is a frequent conversation subject when my middle-aged Korean friends get together. Various jeotgal (salted seafood) are used in kimchi for the distinct pungency and depth of flavors and to aid the fermentation process. Saeujeot (salted shrimp) and myulchiaekjeot (fish sauce made with anchovies) are the two that are most commonly used.
I usually make kimchi with 5 – 10 cabbages at a time. Why so much? Besides the fact that we Koreans eat kimchi everyday, I am a typical Korean mom who makes a massive amount of kimchi to supply to my grown-up children. Both my mother and mother-in-law did that for us for a long time, so I am definitely continuing the tradition. Also, my family loves every dish made with well-fermented kimchi, such as kimchi jjigae, kimchi mandu, kimchi bibimguksu, kimchi fried rice, kimchi jeon, tofu kimchi, etc. To help you start making kimchi at home, I came up with a recipe using one napa cabbage. Through this kimchi recipe, I hope you’ll find that it’s really not that difficult to make good kimchi at home. Enjoy!
- 1 large napa cabbage (about 5 to 6 pounds), or 2 small (about 3 pounds each)
- 1 cup Korean coarse sea salt for making kimchi
- 5 cups of water
- 1 pound Korean radish (mu/moo)
- 1/4 Asian pear (optional)
- 3 - 4 scallions
- 1 tablespoon glutinous rice powder*, 찹쌀가루
- (*Mix it with 1/2 cup water, simmer over low heat until it
- thickens to a thin paste and cool. Yields about 3 - 4 tablespoons.)
- 1/2 cup Korean red chili pepper flakes, gochugaru, 고추가루, (adjust to your taste)
- 1/4 cup saeujeot (salted shrimp), 새우젓, finely minced
- 3 - 4 raw shrimp (about 2 ounces), finely minced or ground
- 3 tablespoons myulchiaekjeot (fish sauce), 멸치액젓
- 3 tablespoons minced garlic
- 1 teaspoon grated ginger
- 1 teaspoon sesame seeds (optional)
- 1/2 cup water or dashima (dried kelp) broth
- 2 large bowls or pots (7 - 8 quarts)
- a large colander
- kitchen gloves
- 3/4 - 1 gallon airtight container or jar
- Cut the cabbage lengthwise into quarters by cutting the stem end in half only about 3 - 4 inches in and then slowly pulling apart to separate into two pieces by hand. Do the same for each half to make quarters. Running the knife through all the way would unnecessarily cut off the cabbage leaves.)
- In a large bowl, dissolve 1/2 cup of salt in 5 cups of water. Thoroughly bathe each cabbage quarter in the saltwater one at a time, shake off excess water back into the bowl, and then transfer to another bowl.
- Using the other half cup of salt and starting from the outermost leaf, generously sprinkle salt over the thick white part of each leaf (similar to salting a piece of meat). Try to salt all the cabbage quarters with 1/2 cup salt, but you can use a little more if needed. Repeat with the rest of the cabbage quarters. Pour the remaining salt water from the first bowl over the cabbage. Set aside for about 6 - 8 hours, rotating the bottom ones to the top every 2 - 3 hours.
- The cabbages should be ready to be washed when the white parts are easily bendable. Rinse thoroughly 3 times, especially between the white parts of the leaves. Drain well, cut side down.
- Meanwhile, make the glutinous rice paste and cool. Prepare the other seasoning ingredients. Mix all the seasoning ingredients, including the rice paste and water (or dashima broth), well. Set aside while preparing the other ingredients in order for the red pepper flakes to dissolve slightly and become pasty.
- Cut the radish and optional pear into match sticks (use a mandoline if available). Cut scallions into 1-inch long pieces. Transfer to a large bowl and combine with the seasoning mix. Mix well by hand. Taste a little bit. It should be a little too salty to eat as is. Add salt, more salted shrimp or fish sauce, if necessary. If possible, let it sit for 30 minutes to an hour to allow the flavors meld nicely.
- Cut off the tough stem part from each cabbage quarter, leaving enough to hold the leaves together. Place one cabbage quarter in the bowl with the radish mix. Spread the radish mix over each leaf, one to two tablespoons for large leaves. (Eyeball the stuffing into 4 parts and use one part for each cabbage quarter.)
- Fold the leaf part of the cabbage over toward the stem and nicely wrap with the outermost leaf before placing it, cut side up, in a jar or airtight container. Repeat with the remaining cabbages.Once all the cabbages are in the jar or airtight container, press down hard to remove air pockets. Rinse the bowl that contained the radish mix with 1/2 cup of water and pour over the kimchi.
- Leave it out at room temperature for a full day or two, depending on how fast you want your kimchi to ripe. Then, store in the fridge. Although you can start eating it any time, kimchi needs about two weeks in the fridge to fully develop the flavors. It maintains great flavor and texture for several weeks.
I have to try making this. Will go in search of napa cabbage here/
~ ray ~
I wonder if I can find it anywhere...
i'm from malaysia. I came across your blog from smokywok. Looking at your kimchi just make my mouth water. At the moment i got my kimchi from the supermarket.. i hope one day i can make my own homemade kimchi.
This looks great! I've tried online kimchi recipes before, but it was difficult to get the taste right compared to other homemade kimchi I've had. Hopefully, this one will work for me. =) Would it be okay to refrigerate the kimchi right away or do I need to let it sit out for a day or two?
Thanks!
~ Kathy
Thank you so much for the kind comment on my blog! And thank you so much for this wonderful recipe (as well as your others - they've been feeding my Korean food addiction!). I can't wait to try my kimchi!
Best,
Jo
This looks so delicious though!
Looking forward to your reply.
It tastes really good already. Thank you for such a wonderful recipe.
The kimchi seem to emit more water as i see a rise on the water level in the container. Is this the expected behavior? This is my first time doing and everything is right. :)
Regards,
Kian Hong
http://www.wildfermentation.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=3654
http://www.yumuniverse.com/2013/06/04/fermented-vegetables-make-your-own-kimchi/
"Can I get food poisoning from fermented foods?
Most folks are terrified that aging food outside of refrigeration will give them poisoning like botulism. Botulism is known to us thanks to canning. Our pal Sandor says, “Fermentation is the diametrical opposite of canning. Canning is usually a process of sterilizing foods so that no microorganisms can grow. Heat is used to kill bacteria, Botulism has the distinction of having the highest tolerance to heat, so in a canning situation it is possible to kill all bacteria except the bacteria that produces botulism.” He further explains that canning leaves this bacteria in the ideal anaerobic environment it requires to flourish and reproduce. Fermented foods encourage and cultivate large native populations of beneficial bacteria—this process produces acids, which is basically nature’s “brilliant strategy for food preservation and safety.” This environment is inhospitable to botulism and other food poisoning organisms."
http://www.koreanbapsang.com/2013/10/mak-kimchi-simple-kimchi.html#.UzIfW_ldWlI